Brown vs board of education
Brown vs Board of Education was a case in Topeka were Brown sued the Board of Education and the United State supreme court decided that all segregation of schools should be banned.
Rosa parks
Rosa Parks became a picture of the civil rights movement when she was arrested December the 1st, 1955 in Montgomery Alambama, because she refused to give up her seat in the bus to a white man. After she was arrested Martin Luther King Jr. started a Bus Boycott, and everyone started to walk or carpool instead. Because of that the bus companies lost a lot of many and almost went bankrupt, because it was mostly the blacks there took the bus. Aftr over a year of the boycott the law changed and the blacks could sit wherever they wanted to.
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Montgomery bus boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a boycott organized by Martin Luther King Jr. after Rosa Parks had been arrested because she refused to give up her seat to a white man. The boycott lasted for more than a year where all the African Americans walked or carpooled instead of taking the bus.
Little Rock nine
The Little rock Nine were about 9 African American high school students, there wanted to attend Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas in 1957. They were prevented by the school and the white people in the city, there wanted Little Rock Central High School to stay white. Governor Ovral Faubus even had the National Guard come to block them from entering. President Dwight D. Eisenhower finally had to intervene and get federal troops to escort them to the school.
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Freedom riders
The Freedom Riders were mixed races civil rights activist who were peaceful. They rode buses across State lines into the Southern States because they refused to desegregate the buses, even though the supreme court had decided it was illegal to have the public segregated.
The first freedom ride took place May 4, 1961and left Washington, DC, and was planning to go though Virginia, South and North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.
On mothers day, May the 14, in Birmingham some KKK members decided to attack one one the buses before it reached town. They tried to burn the bus down, but the riders escaped. The mob then started to beat them, but were stopped by warning shots by highway patrolmen. The riders were then hospitalized, but had to be moved in the middle of the night because the staff feared the mob outside.
The first freedom ride took place May 4, 1961and left Washington, DC, and was planning to go though Virginia, South and North Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana.
On mothers day, May the 14, in Birmingham some KKK members decided to attack one one the buses before it reached town. They tried to burn the bus down, but the riders escaped. The mob then started to beat them, but were stopped by warning shots by highway patrolmen. The riders were then hospitalized, but had to be moved in the middle of the night because the staff feared the mob outside.
Birmingham, Alabama
Birmingham, Alabama was one of the places the racial segregation was really bad. There was many bombings of Birmingham during the civil rights movement, including at churches where little kids were killed.
It was one of the cities in the US there was most devided and had the worst discrimination against the blacks. During the movement there was a lot of sit-ins and other forms of protest, including the Freedom Riders. |
March in Washington
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In March 1963 there was a peaceful protest in Washington. It was also where Martin Luther King Jr. made his famous "I have a dream" speech. The march called for the African American's right for civil and economic rights and between 200,000 and 300,000 people participated, and about 60,000 of them are estimated to have been white.
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S.n.c.c
S.N.C.C stands for Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and was a very important organisation for the civil rights movement. It was founded by Ella Baker who studied at Shaw University in North Carolina, and it started out as a protest group at the university but quickly grew to become an organisation. S.N.C.C played a major role in the sit-ins, the freedom rides and the March on Washington.
Civil rights act of 1964
The civil rights act of 1964 is a very important act, there outlawed discrimination based on color, race, national origin or sex. After the act everybody had the same demand for being able to vote, and racial segregation in schools, the workplace and public facilities were stopped.
it was signed on July 2, 1964, at the White House by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
it was signed on July 2, 1964, at the White House by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
Voting rights acts of 1965
The voting act of 1965 prohibited racial discrimination in voting. It was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on August 6, 1965. It was made to protect the peoples voting rights from the 14th and 15th Amendments.
Malcolm x
Malcolm X (born Malcolm Little) was a American civil rights acitvist, but also fought internationally for the oppressed blacks around in the world. He believed that the whites were never going to treat them equally, so they should just have their own land. He was often criticized for promoting racism and violence, since he didn't agree with Martin Luther King's nonviolence policy. His Muslim name was Al-Hajj Malik Al-Shabazz, which he shortened to Malik Shabazz when he was travelling.
Malcolm X was born in Omaha Nebraska, but he grew up in Lansing, the capitol of Michigan. He was the fourth born in a sibling group of eight, but his father also had 3 other children form a former marriage. His mother, Louise, was born on the island Grenada in the British West indies as a daughter of a black woman, who had been raped of a white man. The father, Earl Little, was from Georgia. Malcolm X's father was a baptist priest but was also very active in politic. He worked a lot for UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) Malcolm X changed his last name from Little to X when he joined the Muslims in Detroit. The X symbolize the true African last name the slaves got changed when the came to America by the whites. Because of that the X had became a symbol there connected the black Muslims. When the movement grew and there therefore became more people with the exact same name they started to add a number to the name. Malcolm X got shot and killed in Harlem, New York 21 February 1965. |
Black panthers
The party was founded 15 October, 1966 by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. The organisation's original name was "Black Panther Party for Self Defense". It was the most known military organisation among African Americans in the late 1960's. The Black Panthers got a lot of support from the youth in the cities. The groups symbols were black leather jackets and black berets and the members often carried weapons.
Huey Newton was very well known as a black activist, when he in 1961 met Bobby Seale at Merritt College in Oakland. Together they became a part of the "Afro-American Association" (founded by Donald Wardens) but quickly dropped out again. They didn't agree with Wardens liberal variant of black nationalism.
The "BBP" (Black Panther Party was active from 1966 to 1982.
Huey Newton was very well known as a black activist, when he in 1961 met Bobby Seale at Merritt College in Oakland. Together they became a part of the "Afro-American Association" (founded by Donald Wardens) but quickly dropped out again. They didn't agree with Wardens liberal variant of black nationalism.
The "BBP" (Black Panther Party was active from 1966 to 1982.
Women - N.d.w
New Directions for Women was an important early feminist newspaper. The news paper started up as a newsletter in 1972 in New Jersey, but. soon became a full newspaper. It was edited by Paula Kassell of Dover, who was a member of National Organization for Women. It was the first national feminist newspaper in the USA, and it offered news from a feminist point of view, as well as book reviews and editorials.
The newspaper stopped in 1993 after many years of financial trouble.
The newspaper stopped in 1993 after many years of financial trouble.
Chicands - u.f.w - Cesar charez
He was a leader of the Latino-American civil rights movement, and a co-founder of The National Farm Workers Union. He organized protest and boycotts in protest of local unemployment for the Hispanic popularity. After his death in 1993 he became a symbol for the Latin-Americans.